The city of Surabaya is the capital of East Java province, Indonesia. Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city after Jakarta. Metropolis with a population of approximately 3 million inhabitants, Surabaya was the center of business, commerce, industry, and education in eastern Indonesia. Surabaya well known as City of Heroes because its history is very calculated in the struggle for Indonesian independence from the colonizers.
Surabaya word reputedly comes from the mythical story of the battle between the sura (shark) and baya (crocodile).
Although Java is the ethnic majority (83.68%), but Surabaya is also home to various ethnic groups in Indonesia, including the ethnic Madurese (7.5%), Chinese (7.25%), Arabic (2.04%), and the rest are of other ethnic or foreign citizens.
HISTORY
Before the arrival of Dutch
Surabaya Majapahit Kingdom was once a gate, which is at the mouth of Kali Mas. Even today a city of Surabaya is set as the date of May 31, 1293. The day was actually a day of victory Majapahit led troops against the forces of Raden Wijaya Mongol empire of Kublai Khan's envoy. Mongol armies who came from the sea is described as a fish Suro (shark / bold) and Raden Wijaya troops who come from the land described as Boyo (crocodile / danger), so it literally means the courage to face the coming danger threatens. So the victory day is celebrated as the anniversary of Surabaya.
In the 15th century, Islam began to spread rapidly in areas of Surabaya. One member of the wali sanga, Sunan Ampel, build mosques and Islamic boarding schools in the area Ampel. In 1530, Surabaya became part of the Sultanate of Demak.
Following the collapse of Demak, Surabaya, Mataram Sultanate conquest subject: Panembahan invaded Senopati year 1598, a massive attack by Panembahan Seda ing Krapyak in 1610, attacked by Sultan Agung in 1614. Blocking the flow of the Brantas River by Sultan Agung Surabaya finally forced to surrender. Year 1675, Trunojoyo from Madura seize Surabaya, but eventually dumped the VOC in 1677.
In the agreement between Pakubuwono II and VOC on the date of 11 November 1743, Surabaya handed over his command to the VOC.
Age of the Dutch East Indies
At the time of the Dutch East Indies, Surabaya residency status as the capital of Surabaya, whose territory also includes what is now the regency of Gresik, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto and Jombang. In 1905, the Surabaya municipality status granted (Gemeente). In 1926, designated as a provincial capital Surabaya, East Java. Since it developed into a modern city of Surabaya, the second largest in the Dutch East Indies after Batavia.
Prior to 1900, the center of Surabaya only revolve around the Red Bridge only. Until the 1920s, new residential growth areas such as Darmo, Gubeng, Sawahan, and Ketabang. In 1917 built a modern port facility in Surabaya.
February 3, 1942, the Japanese dropped bombs in Surabaya. In March 1942, Japan managed to seize Surabaya. Surabaya then subjected to Allied air attack on 17 May 1944.
Battle of Surabaya maintain
After World War II ended, on October 25, 1945, 6000 British-Indian troops of Brigade 49, Division 23, led by Brigadier-General Walter Sothern Aulbertin Mallaby landed in Surabaya with the main command disarm the Japanese army, militia and Indonesian soldiers. They are also assigned to take care of former prisoners of war and repatriate the Japanese troops. Japanese troops surrender all their weapons, but the militia and more than 20,000 Indonesian troops refused.
October 26, 1945, agreement reached between Mr. Suryo, the Governor of East Java with Brigadier Mallaby that Indonesian troops and militias do not have to surrender their weapons. Unfortunately, a misunderstanding occurred between British troops in Surabaya with the British army headquarters in Jakarta, led by Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison.
October 27, 1945, at 11:00 noon, the British Air Force Dakota aircraft from Jakarta dropped leaflets in Surabaya, which ordered all Indonesian troops and militias to surrender their weapons. The Indonesian-led troops and militia angry when I read this leaflet and think Brigadier Mallaby fails to fulfill the agreement dated October 26, 1945.
October 28, 1945, Indonesian troops and militia attacking British troops in Surabaya. To avoid defeat in Surabaya, Brigadier Mallaby requested that President Sukarno and the commander of British troops Division 23, Major General Douglas Cyril Hawthorn to go to Surabaya and seek peace.
October 29, 1945, President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and Information Minister Maj. Gen. Amir Syarifuddin Harahap with Hawthorn went to Surabaya to negotiate.
By day, October 30, 1945, reached agreement that was signed by President Soekarno and 23 Division Commander Major General Hawthorn. The contents of this agreement is held gunfire stops and British troops will be withdrawn immediately from Surabaya. Major General Hawthorn and to 3 RI leaders leave and return to Jakarta, Surabaya.
In the afternoon, 30 October 1945, Brigadier General Mallaby around to different post of British troops in Surabaya to inform about the agreement. When approaching British troops heading in the Internatio building, near a red bridge, car Brigadier General Mallaby was surrounded by militia who previously had surrounded the building Internatio.
Thinking that his commander would be attacked by the militia, British troops led company D Major K. Venu Gopal opened fire on the militias to disband. The militia thought they were being attacked / shot at British soldiers from the Internatio building and returned fire. A British officer, Captain R.C. Smith threw a grenade toward the Indonesian militia, but missed and instead fell right in the car Brigadier Mallaby.
Grenade exploded and burned cars. As a result, Brigadier Mallaby and his driver were killed. Initial reports provided by the British troops in Surabaya to the headquarters of British forces in Jakarta, said Brigadier General Mallaby was killed was shot by the Indonesian militia.
Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison was furious to hear the death of Brigadier Mallaby and deploy 24,000 additional troops to take control of Surabaya.
9 November 1945, English spread the ultimatum for all Indonesian troops and militia weapons immediately handed over to British troops, but the ultimatum was ignored.
10 November 1945, Britain started bombing Surabaya and fierce battle lasted continuously for 10 days. Two British plane was shot down troops RI and one passenger Brigadier General Robert Guy Loder-Symonds was badly injured and died the next day.
20 November 1945, England managed to master Surabaya with the victims of thousands of soldiers were killed. More than 20,000 Indonesian troops, militia and residents of Surabaya were killed. The entire city of Surabaya in ruins.
This battle is one of the bloodiest battles experienced by British troops in the decade of the 1940s. This battle shows the sincerity of the Indonesian people to maintain independence and repel invaders.
Because of intense fighting and the loss of life, after the battle, the number of British troops in Indonesia began to be reduced gradually and replaced by Dutch troops. Battle on 10 November 1945 up to today is remembered and celebrated as Heroes' Day.
Geography
Surabaya is located on the shores of the northern coast of East Java province. Territory adjacent to the Madura Strait in the North and East, Sidoarjo regency in the South, and Gresik regency in the West. Surabaya is in the lowlands, a height between 3-6 m above sea level except in the southern part there are 2 gently sloping hill that is in the Tongue and Gayungan height between 25-50 m above sea level and in the west a little bumpy. There Surabaya Mas River estuary, which is one of the two fractions Brantas.luas River area surabaya city is 374.36 km2.
Interesting places
Some interesting areas in Surabaya, among others:
* Areas of special interest: Ampel (religious tourism), Cak Durasim Cultural Park, Kya Kya Kembang Jepun Surabaya in the region, the G-Walk, and Beach Kenjeran.
* Monuments and museums: Tugu Pahlawan, Monumen Submarine, mpu Tantular Museum, The Museum House of Sampoerna.
* Buildings of historic and cultural heritage: Grahadi, Surabaya City Hall, Balai Pemuda, Internatio, Red Bridge, East Java Governor's Office, Submarine Monument, the Hotel Majapahit Mandarin Oriental, Port Kalimas, Office Pelni, PTPN Building XXII, Commerce Bank Building, Building PT Artho Ageng Energy, Hotel Ibis Surabaya.* Attractions: Surabaya Zoo
* Place of baptism: Darmo Grand, Manyar pool, Swimming pool Marina, Ciputra Water Park
* Shopping center:o Mall: Plaza Tunjungan, Surabaya Town Square, Galaxy Mall, Surabaya Plaza (Delta Plaza), Pakuwon Trade Center, Supermal Pakuwon Beautiful, Royal Plaza, Golden City Mall, Plaza Marina, Red Bridge Plaza, City of Tomorrow, Empire Palace.o Modern: Sinar Supermarket 24 hours, the Rays Jemursari, Carrefour Golden City, Carrefour BG Junction, Center Point Carrefour, Carrefour Rungkut, Carrefour Ahmad Yani, Tandes Macro, Macro Waru, Giant Maspion Square, Giant Mayjend Sungkono, Mulyosari Giant, Giant Wiyung, Hi-Tech Mall (central computer), Tunjungan Electronic Center, World Trade Center (phone center), Red Bridge Plaza (JMP) and Surabaya Wholesale Center (PGS).o Traditional: Atomic Market, Pasar Turi, Darmo Trade Center (DTC), Market Add New Rejo, Tile Market, Market Kapasan.
The magnificent Borobudur temple is the world’s biggest Buddhist monument, an ancient site widely considered to be one of the world’s seven wonders. Built in the 9th century during the reign of the Syailendra dynasty, the temple’s design in Gupta architecture reflects India's influence on the region, yet there are enough indigenous scenes and elements incorporated to make Borobudur uniquely Indonesian. This awe inspiring monument is truly a marvel. After a visit here you will understand why it is Indonesia’s most visited tourist attraction and a famous icon of Indonesia’s cultural heritage.
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Masjid agung merupakan masjid yang terbesar di kabupaten Tuban selain digunakan untuk tempat beribadah juga bisa di gunakan untuk tempat singgah sementara bagi wisatawan dari luar kota,masjid ini lokasinya dekat alon-alon dan berdampingan dengan Makam Sunan Bonang,sehingga sering di sebut ‘Tiga Serangakai’ wisata Tuban
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