Malang

Malang is a city in East Java province, Indonesia. The city is located in a pretty cool highland, located 90 km south of Surabaya, and Malang is surrounded by territory. Malang is the second largest city in East Java, and known by the nickname of the city students.

History

Malang basin region has been since time immemorial into residential areas. Many rivers around this place makes it suitable as residential areas. Region is known Tlogomas Dinoyo and prehistoric settlements. Furthermore, various inscriptions (eg Inscription Dinoyo), buildings and statues enshrinement, traces of a brick foundation, the former drainage channels, as well as a variety of pottery discovered from the late period of the Kingdom Kanjuruhan (the 8th century and 9th) are also found in a nearby place.
The name "Malang" is still researched its origins by historians. Historians still continue to explore the sources to get the right answer on the origin of the name "Malang". Until now it has acquired several hypotheses about the origin of the name of Malang. Malangkucecwara written in the symbol of the city, according to one hypothesis, the name of a sacred building. The name of the sacred building itself was found in two inscriptions of King Balitung of Central Java which is the inscription Mantyasih year 907, and 908 inscriptions that were found in one place between the Surabaya-Malang. However, where lies the true holy building Malangkucecwara that historians still do not get a deal. One party thought it was the location of the sacred building in mountain areas Burying, a mountain range that stretches to the east of the city of Malang, where there is a mountain peak named Malang. Proving the correctness of this conjecture is still underway, because it turns out, on the western town of Malang, there is also a mountain called Malang. Other parties suspect that the real location of the shrine was located in the area Tumpang, one place in the northern city of Malang. Until recently in the area there is still a village named Malangsuka, which some historians, probably derived from the spoken word Malankuca reversed. The opinion above is also strengthened by the many ancient buildings are scattered in the area, such as Candi Jago and Candi Kidal, which both are relics of the kingdom Singasari. Of the two hypotheses mentioned above are also still uncertain what the former presumably known by the name derived from the name of Malang shrine Malangkucecwara it. Is the area around Malang now, or two mountains named Malang around the area. A copper inscription found in late 1974 on the banks of the plantation, Wlingi, southwest of Malang, in a part written as follows: "... ... ... ... taning sakrid Malang macu-akalihan wacid opponent pasabhanira dyah Spleen Makanagran I ... ... ...". The meaning of the sentence above is: "... ... .. to the east where hunting around Malang together wacid and mancu, rice fields Dyah Spleen namely ... ... ... "From the sound of the inscription was found in Malang is the one place in the east of the places mentioned in the inscription. From this inscription obtained one proof that the use of the name of Malang has existed at least since the 12th century AD. Previous hypotheses, perhaps with a different opinion Malang suspect that the name comes from the word "Denies" or "obstruct" (in Javanese language means Malang). Once Sunan Mataram who want to expand its influence into the East Java has tried to occupy the area of Malang. Area residents fought a great war. Therefore, Sunan Mataram assume that the people of the area to obstruct, deny, or poor for the purpose of Sunan Mataram. Since then the area called Malang. The emergence of these Kanjuruhan Kingdom, by the experts viewed as a milestone in the history of the early growth of the central government until now, after 12 centuries ago, has grown to become the city of Malang. After the royal Kanjuruhan, in the golden kingdom Singasari (1000 years after AD) in Malang area still found a prosperous kingdom, many of its inhabitants as well as agricultural lands are very fertile. When Islam conquered the kingdom of Majapahit Kingdom around the year 1400, Patih Majapahit fled to the area of Malang. He later established an independent Hindu kingdom, which by his son fought for into one kingdom advanced. Royal center located in the city of Malang is still visible remnants of a sturdy building castle in the village named Kutobedah Kutobedah. It is the Sultan of Mataram from Central Java who eventually came to conquer this area in 1614 after receiving strong opposition from residents of this area.

As with most other cities in Indonesia in general, modern Malang grow and develop after the presence of the Dutch East Indies colonial administration. Public facilities are planned in such a way as to meet the needs of the Dutch family. Discriminatory impression still spotting up to now, eg [[Ijen Boullevard]] and the surrounding region. At first only enjoyed by families of Dutch and other Europeans, while the indigenous population must be satisfied living in the suburbs with inadequate facilities. Housing area is now a living monument and is often visited by the descendants of Dutch families who had settled there.

During the colonial Dutch East Indies, Malang area made the region "Gemente" (City). Prior to 1964, the symbol of the city of Malang, there is writing; "Malang my name, my goal forward" translation of "Malang nominor, sursum moveor". When this city celebrated the birthday of the 50th on April 1, 1964, the sentences are changed to: "Malangkucecwara". This new slogan proposed by the late Prof. Dr. R. Ng. Poerbatjaraka, because the word is very closely related to the origins of the city of Malang, who at the time of Ken Arok about 7 centuries ago has become the name of places around or near the temple is named Malangkucecwara.

The city poor began to grow and develop after the presence of the Dutch colonial government, especially when started at operasikannya railway in 1879. Various masyarakatpun increasing demand will mainly be wiggle room to do various activities. As a result there was a change in land use, areas that woke popping uncontrollably. Land use change is very rapid changes, such as from a function into housing and industrial agriculture.

    * In 1767 the Dutch East India Company entered the city
    * Year 1821 position of the Dutch government in concentrating around the time Brantas
    * Year 1824 Malang has a Resident Assistant
    * Year 1882 houses in the western city was founded and the town square established in the wake.
    * 1 April 1914 on the set as the Township Malang
    * March 8, 1942 Japan occupied Malang
    * 21 September 1945 entered Territory of the Republic of Indonesia Malang
    * July 22, 1947 the Dutch occupied Malang
    * March 2, 1947 the Government of the Republic of Indonesia re-entered the city of Malang.
    * January 1, 2001, the City Government of Malang.

Surabaya

The city of Surabaya is the capital of East Java province, Indonesia. Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city after Jakarta. Metropolis with a population of approximately 3 million inhabitants, Surabaya was the center of business, commerce, industry, and education in eastern Indonesia. Surabaya well known as City of Heroes because its history is very calculated in the struggle for Indonesian independence from the colonizers.

Surabaya word reputedly comes from the mythical story of the battle between the sura (shark) and baya (crocodile).

Although Java is the ethnic majority (83.68%), but Surabaya is also home to various ethnic groups in Indonesia, including the ethnic Madurese (7.5%), Chinese (7.25%), Arabic (2.04%), and the rest are of other ethnic or foreign citizens.

HISTORY
Before the arrival of Dutch

Surabaya Majapahit Kingdom was once a gate, which is at the mouth of Kali Mas. Even today a city of Surabaya is set as the date of May 31, 1293. The day was actually a day of victory Majapahit led troops against the forces of Raden Wijaya Mongol empire of Kublai Khan's envoy. Mongol armies who came from the sea is described as a fish Suro (shark / bold) and Raden Wijaya troops who come from the land described as Boyo (crocodile / danger), so it literally means the courage to face the coming danger threatens. So the victory day is celebrated as the anniversary of Surabaya.

In the 15th century, Islam began to spread rapidly in areas of Surabaya. One member of the wali sanga, Sunan Ampel, build mosques and Islamic boarding schools in the area Ampel. In 1530, Surabaya became part of the Sultanate of Demak.

Following the collapse of Demak, Surabaya, Mataram Sultanate conquest subject: Panembahan invaded Senopati year 1598, a massive attack by Panembahan Seda ing Krapyak in 1610, attacked by Sultan Agung in 1614. Blocking the flow of the Brantas River by Sultan Agung Surabaya finally forced to surrender. Year 1675, Trunojoyo from Madura seize Surabaya, but eventually dumped the VOC in 1677.

In the agreement between Pakubuwono II and VOC on the date of 11 November 1743, Surabaya handed over his command to the VOC.

Age of the Dutch East Indies

At the time of the Dutch East Indies, Surabaya residency status as the capital of Surabaya, whose territory also includes what is now the regency of Gresik, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto and Jombang. In 1905, the Surabaya municipality status granted (Gemeente). In 1926, designated as a provincial capital Surabaya, East Java. Since it developed into a modern city of Surabaya, the second largest in the Dutch East Indies after Batavia.

Prior to 1900, the center of Surabaya only revolve around the Red Bridge only. Until the 1920s, new residential growth areas such as Darmo, Gubeng, Sawahan, and Ketabang. In 1917 built a modern port facility in Surabaya.

February 3, 1942, the Japanese dropped bombs in Surabaya. In March 1942, Japan managed to seize Surabaya. Surabaya then subjected to Allied air attack on 17 May 1944.

Battle of Surabaya maintain

After World War II ended, on October 25, 1945, 6000 British-Indian troops of Brigade 49, Division 23, led by Brigadier-General Walter Sothern Aulbertin Mallaby landed in Surabaya with the main command disarm the Japanese army, militia and Indonesian soldiers. They are also assigned to take care of former prisoners of war and repatriate the Japanese troops. Japanese troops surrender all their weapons, but the militia and more than 20,000 Indonesian troops refused.

October 26, 1945, agreement reached between Mr. Suryo, the Governor of East Java with Brigadier Mallaby that Indonesian troops and militias do not have to surrender their weapons. Unfortunately, a misunderstanding occurred between British troops in Surabaya with the British army headquarters in Jakarta, led by Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison.

October 27, 1945, at 11:00 noon, the British Air Force Dakota aircraft from Jakarta dropped leaflets in Surabaya, which ordered all Indonesian troops and militias to surrender their weapons. The Indonesian-led troops and militia angry when I read this leaflet and think Brigadier Mallaby fails to fulfill the agreement dated October 26, 1945.

October 28, 1945, Indonesian troops and militia attacking British troops in Surabaya. To avoid defeat in Surabaya, Brigadier Mallaby requested that President Sukarno and the commander of British troops Division 23, Major General Douglas Cyril Hawthorn to go to Surabaya and seek peace.

October 29, 1945, President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and Information Minister Maj. Gen. Amir Syarifuddin Harahap with Hawthorn went to Surabaya to negotiate.

By day, October 30, 1945, reached agreement that was signed by President Soekarno and 23 Division Commander Major General Hawthorn. The contents of this agreement is held gunfire stops and British troops will be withdrawn immediately from Surabaya. Major General Hawthorn and to 3 RI leaders leave and return to Jakarta, Surabaya.

In the afternoon, 30 October 1945, Brigadier General Mallaby around to different post of British troops in Surabaya to inform about the agreement. When approaching British troops heading in the Internatio building, near a red bridge, car Brigadier General Mallaby was surrounded by militia who previously had surrounded the building Internatio.

Thinking that his commander would be attacked by the militia, British troops led company D Major K. Venu Gopal opened fire on the militias to disband. The militia thought they were being attacked / shot at British soldiers from the Internatio building and returned fire. A British officer, Captain R.C. Smith threw a grenade toward the Indonesian militia, but missed and instead fell right in the car Brigadier Mallaby.

Grenade exploded and burned cars. As a result, Brigadier Mallaby and his driver were killed. Initial reports provided by the British troops in Surabaya to the headquarters of British forces in Jakarta, said Brigadier General Mallaby was killed was shot by the Indonesian militia.

Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison was furious to hear the death of Brigadier Mallaby and deploy 24,000 additional troops to take control of Surabaya.

9 November 1945, English spread the ultimatum for all Indonesian troops and militia weapons immediately handed over to British troops, but the ultimatum was ignored.

10 November 1945, Britain started bombing Surabaya and fierce battle lasted continuously for 10 days. Two British plane was shot down troops RI and one passenger Brigadier General Robert Guy Loder-Symonds was badly injured and died the next day.

20 November 1945, England managed to master Surabaya with the victims of thousands of soldiers were killed. More than 20,000 Indonesian troops, militia and residents of Surabaya were killed. The entire city of Surabaya in ruins.

This battle is one of the bloodiest battles experienced by British troops in the decade of the 1940s. This battle shows the sincerity of the Indonesian people to maintain independence and repel invaders.

Because of intense fighting and the loss of life, after the battle, the number of British troops in Indonesia began to be reduced gradually and replaced by Dutch troops. Battle on 10 November 1945 up to today is remembered and celebrated as Heroes' Day.

Geography
Surabaya is located on the shores of the northern coast of East Java province. Territory adjacent to the Madura Strait in the North and East, Sidoarjo regency in the South, and Gresik regency in the West. Surabaya is in the lowlands, a height between 3-6 m above sea level except in the southern part there are 2 gently sloping hill that is in the Tongue and Gayungan height between 25-50 m above sea level and in the west a little bumpy. There Surabaya Mas River estuary, which is one of the two fractions Brantas.luas River area surabaya city is 374.36 km2.

Interesting places
Some interesting areas in Surabaya, among others:

* Areas of special interest: Ampel (religious tourism), Cak Durasim Cultural Park, Kya Kya Kembang Jepun Surabaya in the region, the G-Walk, and Beach Kenjeran.

* Parks: Bungkul and Bratang.

* Monuments and museums: Tugu Pahlawan, Monumen Submarine, mpu Tantular Museum, The Museum House of Sampoerna.

* Buildings of historic and cultural heritage: Grahadi, Surabaya City Hall, Balai Pemuda, Internatio, Red Bridge, East Java Governor's Office, Submarine Monument, the Hotel Majapahit Mandarin Oriental, Port Kalimas, Office Pelni, PTPN Building XXII, Commerce Bank Building, Building PT Artho Ageng Energy, Hotel Ibis Surabaya.

* Attractions: Surabaya Zoo

* Place of baptism: Darmo Grand, Manyar pool, Swimming pool Marina, Ciputra Water Park

* Shopping center:o Mall: Plaza Tunjungan, Surabaya Town Square, Galaxy Mall, Surabaya Plaza (Delta Plaza), Pakuwon Trade Center, Supermal Pakuwon Beautiful, Royal Plaza, Golden City Mall, Plaza Marina, Red Bridge Plaza, City of Tomorrow, Empire Palace.o Modern: Sinar Supermarket 24 hours, the Rays Jemursari, Carrefour Golden City, Carrefour BG Junction, Center Point Carrefour, Carrefour Rungkut, Carrefour Ahmad Yani, Tandes Macro, Macro Waru, Giant Maspion Square, Giant Mayjend Sungkono, Mulyosari Giant, Giant Wiyung, Hi-Tech Mall (central computer), Tunjungan Electronic Center, World Trade Center (phone center), Red Bridge Plaza (JMP) and Surabaya Wholesale Center (PGS).o Traditional: Atomic Market, Pasar Turi, Darmo Trade Center (DTC), Market Add New Rejo, Tile Market, Market Kapasan.

Ubud

Ubud is a resting place in Gianyar regency, Bali island, Indonesia.

Ubud especially popular among foreign tourists because this location is situated between the fields and forest that lies between the chasms of the mountain that makes nature so beautiful. In addition, Ubud is known for its art and culture that is growing very rapidly and developed. The pulse Ubud community life can not be separated from art. Here there are also many art galleries, and arenas of music and dance performances are held alternately every night in all corners of the village.

Already since the 1930's, Ubud is popular among western tourists. At that time the German painter, Walter Spies and Dutch painter, Rudolf Bonnet settled there. They were assisted by Cokorda Gede Agung Sukawati, the Puri Agung Ubud. Now their work can be seen at the Museum Puri Paintings, Ubud.

TOURIST AREA
Ubud has a very diverse area of tourism, from tourist to tourist wana spread in Ubud area, including:

Rudana Rudana Museum and Fine Art Gallery

Museum Rudana an art museum located in Ubud, Bali, founded by Nyoman Rudana, a collector of paintings who also sits as a member of the Regional Representatives Council (DPD), representing the Province of Bali, the period of 2004, 2009 and inaugurated by President Soeharto on 26 December 1995. The museum holds more than 400 pieces of paintings and sculpture works of the artists, both from Bali, Indonesia outside Bali artists and foreign artists who made Bali as the place works. Being in a complex, stand Rudana Fine Art Gallery, founded in 1978 and was the pioneer establishment Museum Rudana.

Museum Puri PaintingsIs a first art museum, which is managed by the private sector, in Bali. Initiated by Cokorda Gede Agung Sukawati, I Gusti Nyoman Lempad and foreign artists who settled in Ubud, Rudolf Bonnet. Established on January 31, 1956 under the auspices of the Foundation Ratna Warta, and officially opened by Minister of Education and Culture, Muhammad Yamin.
In this museum you can enjoy the development of art in Ubud, both painting and sculpture. Some works of foreign artists who work in Ubud such as: Rudolf Bonnet, Walter Spies, Arie Smit and the local maestros like I Gusti Nyoman Lempad, I Gusti Made Deblog, Ida Bagus Made and others. Including art works in the Pita Maha.

Puri Agung Ubud
Puri Agung Ubud is situated right in the heart of Ubud. Is the center of Ubud Kingdom government in ancient times, as well as arts and cultural center, and customary, which was held at right in front of the castle. Ubud Palace still has a spatial and buildings maintained as the original. On the front page, after the gate, there is an area called the shelf Saji. Here are held once a week performing arts of dance, for tourists. And every day, carried out training of various groups of gamelan music art in Ubud. All activities are increasingly thicken the atmosphere of Ubud art as an art-minded village.

Vanara WanaVanara Wana or Monkey Forest, (better known as the Monkey Forest) is a sacred forest located in Ubud area, to be precise entry into the territory Padangtegal traditional village, Ubud. In this forest there is a herd of monkeys by the hundreds, who have inhabited this region for hundreds of years. In this area there is also Pura Dalem Padangtegal, which was founded in the early 20th century. Temple has the architecture and ornaments of great antiquity and artistic. You can also search for the sacred springs under which the hidden dragon statue, which when taken, dipecaya can cure all kinds of diseases.

Rafting
In the area west of Ubud, there Tukad (Kali) Ayung. In this river many tourist activities, among them a white water rafting and kayaking. There are several tourist services that offer this service. In addition to tourist, along the cliffs Tukad Ayung also has an enchanting natural scenery, and there are dozens of hotels.